Microsporum canis is a dermatophyte fungus that is zoophilic, meaning it can live on animals for extended periods without causing disease, but when it infects humans, it can cause damage to the skin or hair, affecting human health. This fungus primarily parasitizes the skin surface of animals, especially pets like cats and dogs. It thrives in environments with high humidity and suitable temperatures.
In humans, Microsporum canis infections often manifest as localized, superficial infections, such as tinea capitis,tinea corporis,tinea pedis, and onychomycosis. In animals, infections are characterized by varying degrees of scaling, multifocal hair loss, and erythema. Children and individuals with weakened immune systems are susceptible populations. With the increasing number of people keeping pets, the incidence of Microsporum canis is also on the rise year by year.
Treatment for Microsporum canis infections typically includes oral antifungal medications such as fluconazole, griseofulvin, itraconazole, ketoconazole, and terbinafine. Additionally, topical ointments can be used. Treatment needs to be sustained for a period of time, sometimes requiring continuous therapy for more than half a year to ensure a complete cure.
It is noteworthy that the drug resistance of Microsporum canis is gradually increasing, which is related to the improper use of antifungal medications. Resistance mechanisms mainly include the formation of biofilms, mutations at drug target sites, reduction of drug levels within cells, and stress responses. Therefore, combination therapy with drugs or the development of new drugs may be necessary for treatment.
Preventive measures for Microsporum canis infections include maintaining the cleanliness and health of pets, avoiding contact with known infected animals, and maintaining good personal hygiene habits. If you have pets at home, it is very important to regularly check and treat your pets as needed.
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